How this calculation works
Divide the physical sensor dimensions by any additional linear crop. Use those active dimensions with actual focal length for viewing angles and perpendicular-plane scene coverage.
Angle = 2 × atan(active sensor dimension / (2 × focal length)); scene span = distance × active sensor dimension / focal lengthA worked example
A 36 × 24 mm sensor with a 50 mm lens and no extra crop has about 39.598 degrees horizontal view. At 10 m, the ideal perpendicular scene plane spans 7.2 × 4.8 m.
Good to know
Ideal rectilinear distant-focus geometry. No fisheye, distortion, focus breathing or close-focus correction. Do not combine equivalent focal length with an already cropped physical sensor.
Reference: Nikon: understanding focal length and angle of view (opens in a new tab) ↗
Use the physical sensor and actual lens focal length
Angle of view comes from the active sensor dimension relative to focal length. Sensor width and height can have different angular spans, while the diagonal uses the sensor’s geometric diagonal.
An equivalent focal length already encodes a comparison with another sensor format. Entering that equivalent value alongside a smaller physical sensor would apply a format effect twice and make the view too narrow.
The print ppi crop size and bleed calculator adds plan image pixels, physical print size, centered cropping and per-edge bleed, distinguishing image PPI from printer DPI and fit margins.
Additional crop reduces both linear dimensions
The crop factor here is an extra linear reduction applied to the physical dimensions you entered. A factor of two halves width and height, retaining one quarter of the original area.
A video mode, digital crop or stabilization setting may have its own active sensor dimensions. Use an appropriate measured or specified crop rather than assuming every camera mode uses the entire sensor.
Scene coverage is a flat-plane model
The scene rectangle is perpendicular to the optical axis at the entered distance. It is not a surface-area measurement for a sloped subject or a guarantee that the whole rectangle is in acceptable focus.
The equations use ideal rectilinear projection and a distant-focus approximation. Real lenses can deviate through distortion, focus breathing and close-focus behavior, so critical framing still needs an actual setup check.
Use the result with the next measurement
The print PPI crop size and bleed calculator plans cropping and physical output after capture. A narrower scene coverage is not equivalent to an unlimited increase in useful printable detail.
Ideal rectilinear distant-focus geometry. No fisheye, distortion, focus breathing or close-focus correction. Do not combine equivalent focal length with an already cropped physical sensor.
A few questions, answered
Can I enter equivalent focal length?
Use actual focal length with actual physical sensor dimensions.
Is crop factor applied to area?
It divides each linear sensor dimension.
Does this work for a fisheye?
No, the projection is rectilinear.