How this calculation works
Density compares an object or sample’s mass with its occupied volume. The result is an average density; a nonuniform sample may have different densities in different regions.
Density = mass ÷ volumeA worked example
A 10 kg sample occupying 0.002 m³ has an average density of 5,000 kg/m³.
Good to know
Assumes the idealized model described above. Use consistent units and independently verify figures before a consequential decision.
Size alone does not determine density
Cut a uniform sample into two equal pieces and each piece has half the mass and half the volume. Their ratio stays the same, so density is unchanged. Density describes mass relative to occupied volume rather than total size.
A hollow object’s average density can differ greatly from the density of its wall material. Decide whether the volume means the entire outer envelope or only the material itself before interpreting the answer.
Keep litres and cubic metres distinct
One litre is 0.001 m³. A 1 kg sample occupying one litre therefore has density 1,000 kg/m³, not 1 kg/m³. Entering the correct volume unit is essential.
The formula returns average mass density. It does not determine chemical identity, purity or how density changes with temperature and pressure. Those questions need additional measurements and reference information.
A few questions, answered
Can I compare two samples of different sizes?
Yes, if their masses and volumes are measured consistently and you compare the resulting densities.
Does this give relative density or specific gravity?
No. Those are ratios to a stated reference density; this result is mass per volume.