How this calculation works
The expenditure side adds final demand and subtracts imports. The income side adds domestic production income and costs. Depreciation bridges net operating surplus to its gross basis.
GDP = C + I + G + X − M. GDI = compensation + net operating surplus + net production/import taxes + consumption of fixed capital.A worked example
700 + 180 + 200 + 90 − 120 gives expenditure GDP of 1,050. The four income entries also sum to 1,050.
Good to know
Enter comparable nominal components for one economy and period. Chain-weighted real series, revisions and seasonal adjustments are outside the arithmetic.
Reference: US Bureau of Economic Analysis GDP methodology (opens in a new tab) ↗
How the inputs affect the result
Government transfers do not directly represent government purchases of goods and services. Use official component definitions to avoid including transfers or adding depreciation twice.
Higher imports lower net exports when the other entries are held fixed.
Where the calculation applies
Enter comparable nominal components for one economy and period. Chain-weighted real series, revisions and seasonal adjustments are outside the arithmetic.
For a related calculation, see the Inflation calculator.
Read more: US Bureau of Economic Analysis GDP methodology (opens in a new tab) ↗
A few questions, answered
Why might published GDP and GDI differ?
The two approaches use different data sources. The gap can reflect a statistical discrepancy even though they describe the same production in theory.
What does the “Higher imports” setting illustrate?
Higher imports lower net exports when the other entries are held fixed.